Nowadays, many institutions, campuses, societies, companies, etc. have built private halls, halls, and multi-functional places, which need to be equipped with some corresponding professional lighting equipment. Due to the lack of exposure to stage lighting, they are not very proficient in the correct selection of professional lighting equipment; and many professional lighting equipment sellers have only a superficial understanding of professional stage lighting equipment and cannot provide correct guidance, resulting in a waste of funds. In order to avoid the above situation, this article briefly introduces the basic knowledge of stage lighting.
1. Common light positions of stage lighting To configure professional stage lights well, you must first understand the common light positions of stage lighting. This is an important introduction to the correct selection and configuration.
1. Face light: The light projected from the top of the audience to the stage is mainly used for the front lighting of the characters and the basic light rendering of the entire stage.
2. Slap: The light located on both sides of the stage mouth and projected obliquely onto the stage is divided into several layers, mainly assisting the face light, strengthening the facial lighting, and increasing the three-dimensional sense of the characters and scenes.
3. Top light: The light projected from the top of the stage to the stage is divided into one row of top light, two rows of top light, three rows of top light, etc. from front to back. It is mainly used for general stage lighting to enhance the stage illumination. There are many scenes and props that are illuminated at fixed points, which are mainly solved by top light.
4. Bridge light: The light projected from the bridges on both sides of the stage to the stage is mainly used to assist the column light to enhance the three-dimensional sense. It is also used in other directions where it is inconvenient to project light, and can also be used as a specific light source.
5. Backlight: The light projected from the opposite direction of the stage (such as top light, bridge light, etc.) can outline the contours of characters and scenes, enhance the three-dimensional sense and transparency, and can also be used as a specific light source.
6. Side light (also known as column light): The light projected from both sides of the stage mouth is mainly used for the lighting effect of both sides of the characters or scenes, increasing the three-dimensional sense and contour sense.
7. Sky and earth row light: The light projected from the top and bottom of the sky curtain to the sky curtain is mainly used for the lighting and color changes of the sky curtain.
8. Footlight: The light projected from the platform in front of the stage to the stage, mainly assisting the surface light and eliminating the shadows formed by the face and jaw of the characters due to the high-level illumination of the surface light.
9. Flowing light: Located on the flowing light racks on both sides of the stage, it mainly assists the bridge light, supplements the light on both sides of the stage or other specific light.
10. Chasing light: The light position required from the audience seats or other positions is mainly used to track the performance of actors or highlight a specific light. It is also used for the host. It is a close-up of stage art and plays a finishing touch.
2. Commonly used lamps and features
1. Spotlight: It is one of the most widely used main lamps in stage lighting. Currently, there are 1KW and 2KW on the market, and 2KW is the most widely used. It irradiates concentrated light, and the edges of the light spot are clearer. It can highlight a part, and it can also enlarge the light spot to illuminate an area. As the main light source of the stage, it is often used for slap, face light, side light and other light positions.
2. Soft light: The light is soft and even, which can highlight a certain part without rigid light spots, and is convenient for connecting several lights. The most common ones are 0.3KW, 1KW, 2KW, etc. It is mostly used for close-range light positions such as flowing light and side light.
3. Modeling light: It is between the follow-up light and the spotlight. It is a special lamp, mainly used for the projection of the appearance of people and scenes.
4. Astigmatism lamp: The light is diffuse, even, and has a large projection area. It is divided into ground-distributed astigmatism and sky-distributed astigmatism. The most common ones are 0.5KW, 1KW, 1.25KW, 2KW, etc. It is mostly used for skylight illumination and can also be used for general lighting of theater stages.
5. Backlight lamp: It is a reflective lamp. The characteristics of this light are hard light quality, high illumination and long range. It is an economical and efficient strong light lamp. The most common ones are 0.5KW, 1KW, 2KW, etc., and 2KW is the most widely used.
6. Strip lights (also known as footlights): soft light and wide area. Mainly used for lighting and coloring the middle view and net view, and can also be used to assist the surface lighting at the stage entrance.
7. Downlights (also known as light column lights or par lights): currently widely used, such as PAR46, PAR64 and other models. It can be used for all-directional lighting of characters and scenes, and can also be directly installed on the stage, exposed to the audience, forming a light array, and serving as stage decoration and lighting.
8. Projection slides and sky curtain effect lights: can form an overall picture on the stage sky curtain, and various special effects, such as: water, fire, smoke, electricity, wind, rain, thunder, clouds, etc.
9. Computer lights: This is an intelligent lamp controlled by DMX512 or PMX or RS232 signals. Its light color, light spot and illumination are better than the above conventional lamps. It is an intelligent lamp developed in recent years. It is often installed in the top light, surface light, and the steps behind the stage. The color, shape, and picture in operation can be programmed. Due to the different power, the use on the stage should be different. Generally, low-power computer lights are only suitable for use in dance halls. On the stage, the light and light spots of low-power computer lights are often diluted by stage spotlights, return lights, etc., so special attention should be paid to the selection.
10. Follow spot: It is a stage lighting fixture, characterized by high brightness, lens imaging, clear light spots, and the virtuality and reality of the light spots can be changed by adjusting the focal length. There is a movable light bar, which can easily change the color, and the lamp body can rotate freely. There are many varieties in the market now, and the marking methods are also different. The power-based standard is: 1KW dysprosium light source, 1KW halogen tungsten light source, 1KW metal halide light source, 2KW metal halide light source, etc. There are also chasing lights based on distance (light intensity and illumination at a specific distance), such as 8-10m chasing lights, 15-30m chasing lights, 30-50m chasing lights, 50-80m chasing lights, etc., and they are functionally divided into: mechanical chasing lights, whose focus, light bar, and color change are all done manually; the other is computer chasing lights, whose focus, light bar, color change, and color temperature adjustment are all done automatically by pulling and pushing electrical appliances, so when choosing, you must carefully select various indicators.
3. Stage lighting color changer The planning and promotion of color changers has greatly simplified the number of stage lamps, reduced the labor intensity of lighting workers, and saved investment, so it is an indispensable device for stage configuration. There are mainly two types of stage mechanical color changers and stage computer color changers on the market.
1. Stage computer color changer: It is a new type of color changer developed in recent years. It uses the international standard DMX-512 signal output. It can be controlled by a dedicated controller or connected to a computer dimming console. It has the characteristics of multi-mode, large capacity, high precision and long control distance, and has become the mainstream product of color changers in the current market.
2. Stage mechanical color changer: It has a simple design and low price. It was the mainstream product in the mid-1980s and 1990s. Now it is close to being selected.
4. Lighting control equipment dimmers, mainly analog dimmers and digital dimmers, with the following characteristics:
1. Digital dimmer: It uses audio-chip machine technology and is DM512 digital signal. Digital dimming consoles are easy to use (especially large loops). Their dimming functions, backup functions, grouping functions, dimming curves, etc. are better than analog dimming consoles, and their performance and price are also reasonable, which is very popular with customers. The most common ones are 12-way, 36-way, 72-way, 120-way, 240-way, 1000-way, etc., and each channel is mostly 2KW, 4KW, 6KW, 8KW, etc. After understanding the lamp position, lamp characteristics, control equipment and color changer, you can design the correct usage plan according to their respective characteristics, the size of the scale of use, and the simplicity of using lamps.
2. Analog dimmer: Using analog dimming technology, the output signal is 0-10V one-to-one output. Usually, analog dimmers are simple in design, with fewer controllers and poor dimming curves, but the market price is low and easy to learn and master. They are mainstream products from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s. The most common ones are 3-way, 6-way, 9-way, 12-way, 18-way, 24-way, 60-way, 120-way, etc., and the power of each channel is mostly 8KW, but there are also 2KW, 4KW, etc. Small channels are mostly integrated machines, and large channels are split machines.
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